MM.1 Learn words with prefixes and suffixes
What Are Prefixes and Suffixes?
Prefixes and suffixes are word parts that change the meaning of a word. A prefix goes at the beginning of a word. A suffix goes at the end of a word.
- Prefix: un- – happy → unhappy (means not happy)
- Suffix: -ful – joy → joyful (means full of joy)
Prefixes and suffixes do not stand alone. They join with base words to change meaning.
Understanding Prefixes
A prefix is added to the start of a word to make a new word. Many prefixes tell us “not” or “again.”
- un- + kind → unkind (not kind)
- re- + play → replay (play again)
When you see a prefix, ask: What does it add to the meaning of the word?
Understanding Suffixes
A suffix is added to the end of a word to change how it is used. Some suffixes make new describing words, and others show action.
- -er – teach → teacher (a person who teaches)
- -ing – jump → jumping (shows action now)
When you add a suffix, check if the base word changes spelling, like hop → hopping.
Using Prefixes and Suffixes in Reading
Knowing prefixes and suffixes helps you figure out the meaning of new words when you read. It also helps you use words correctly in writing.
- “The boy was careless.” → careless = without care
- “She will retell the story.” → retell = tell again
Look for familiar prefixes and suffixes when you see a big word. Break it into smaller parts to understand it.
Practice with Word Building
You can make many new words by adding prefixes and suffixes. Try building words and saying what they mean.
- Base word: help → helpful, helpless
- Base word: play → replay, playful, playing
Start with a small base word. Add a prefix or suffix, then read the new word aloud.